Loss of primary cilia on NCCs affects midfacial development. (A-C) Frontal view, (D-F) palatal view, and (G-I) transverse sections through the nasal septum from e15.5 (A, D, G) wild-type, (B, E, H) Kif3afl/fl;Wnt1-Cre and (C, F, I) Ift88fl/fl;Wnt1-Cre heads. Ciliary mutants (Kif3afl/fl;Wnt1-Cre and Ift88fl/fl;Wnt1-Cre) have severe facial widening (B, C; dotted black lines), bilateral cleft of the secondary palate (E, F; black arrows) and duplication of the nasal septum (H, I; dotted white lines).