Emergency Medicine

Publications

Ambroggio, L; Florin, TA; Williamson, K; Bosma, G; Wagner, BD; Yeomans, L; Kim, JH; Sucharew, H; Macaluso, M; Ruddy, RM; Stringer, KA; Shah, SS. Urine Metabolites of Suspected Community-Acquired Pneumonia. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2025; 232:370-380.

Anagnostou, A; Bird, JA; Chinthrajah, S; Dribin, TE; Fleischer, DM; Kim, E; Nowak-Wegrzyn, A; Rachid, R; Shaker, MS; Shreffler, W; Virkud, YV; Wang, J; Young, M; Greenhawt, M. The use and implementation of omalizumab as food allergy treatment: Consensus-based guidance and Work Group Report of the Adverse Reactions to Foods Committee of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2025; 155:62-69.e1.

Anderson, HL K; West, DC; Schwartz, AJ; Weiss, AK; Marcus, C; Hanson, E; Turner, DA; Schumacher, DJ. Inequity in Assessment Among Pediatric Residents. JAMA Network Open. 2025; 8:e255594.

Beal, SJ; Lutz, N; Patel, M; Dougherty, J; Gigger, R; Vaughn, LM; Greiner, MV; Bettencourt, AF; Breitenstein, SM; Gross, D; Ammerman, RT. Tailoring the Chicago Parent Program for Foster and Kinship Caregivers: a Mixed Methods Approach. Prevention Science. 2025; 26:377-390.

Blanco-Ferreiro, A; Rey-Brandariz, J; Ahluwalia, JS; Varela-Lema, L; Galán, I; Santiago-Pérez, MI; Sureda, X; Fu, M; Schiaffino, A; José López, M; Continente, X; Candal-Pedreira, C; Mahabee-Gittens, M; Pérez-Ríos, M. Dimensions and domains to assess secondhand tobacco smoke exposure: insights from a Delphi study. Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S. 2025; 39:102508.

Bowen, J; Kelleher, M; Kinnear, B; Schumacher, D; Turner, DA; Herrmann, LE. Is "No News is Good News " Enough? A Thematic Analysis Exploring Clinical Reasoning Assessment in Pediatric Residency Programs. Academic Pediatrics. 2025; 25:102600.

Cash, M; Giambra, B; Stone, L; Magness, M; Luebbe, K; Moore, S; Moore, R; Hirsch, R; Miles, K; Kim, M; Critser, PJ. Hank the Heart and Animation-Based Education for Pulmonary Hypertension. Pulmonary Circulation. 2025; 15:e70072.

Chang, CD; Bosson, N; Gausche-Hill, M; Sobolewski, B; Schlesinger, SA; Williams, M; Menninger, R; Harun, N; Zhang, Y; Eckerle, M. Assessing Hemorrhage Control and Tourniquet Skills in School-Aged Children. Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open. 2025; 6:100078.

Chang, CD; Eckerle, M; Kaur, S; Sobolewski, B; Donaldson, R; Shihabuddin, BS; Hong, E; Auerbach, M. An Online Survey of Practicing Emergency Medicine Clinicians' Pediatric Educational Needs. AEM Education and Training. 2025; 9:e70059.

Chowdhury, SR; Sirotich, E; Guyatt, G; Gill, D; Modi, D; Venier, LM; Mahamad, S; Chowdhury, MR; Eisa, K; Beck, CE; Zeraatkar, D; Thabane, L; Couban, R; Arnold, DM. Treatment of Critical Bleeds in Patients With Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Systematic Review. European Journal of Haematology. 2025; 114:458-468.

Coleman, KD; McKinley, K; Ellison, AM; Alpern, ER; Hariharan, S; Topoz, I; Wurtz, M; Nielsen, B; Cook, LJ; Morris, CR; King, AA; Baumann, A; Frankenberger, W; Brousseau, DC. Associations Between Pain Scores and Opioid Doses With Emergency Department Disposition and Return Visit Rates in Children With Sickle Cell Disease. Pediatric Blood and Cancer. 2025; 72:e31750.

Cummings, C; Babcock, L; Zhang, Y; Lee, SH; Schwartz, H; Semenova, O; Pomerantz, WJ. Prehospital Restraint Use in Pediatric Patients With Mental and Behavioral Health Emergencies. Pediatric Emergency Care. 2025; 41:30-36.

de Loizaga, S; Miller, M; Giambra, B; Benashley, LC; Bones, B; Buonfiglio, S; Gatewood, GL; Paxson, A; Pestian, T; Sarnacki, R; Walker, R; Whitesinger, D; Beaton, A; Vaughn, LM. Insights from one American Indian tribe about heart health. American Heart Journal Plus. 2025; 56:100564.

DeCoursey, B; Santen, SA; Decoursey, B; Ferris, S; Schumacher, DJ. A "Totally Different Beast ": The Effect of Time Variability on Clinical Competency Committee Decision-Making. Academic Medicine. 2025; 100:727-733.

Delsart, HL; Corathers, SD; Fox, C; Geis, GL; Brady, PW; Smith, ED; Kirkendall, ES; Walsh, KE. Novel Use of a Simulation in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Sick-Day Education for Patients and Caregivers. Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association. 2025; 38:171-179.

Denninghoff, KR; Casper, TC; Kwok, MY; Lipshaw, MJ; Morris, CR; Nelson, KA; Nesiama, JO; Ruddy, RM; Satola, SW; Tavarez, MM; Wendt, W; Zorc, JJ; Martinez, FD. Azithromycin in Preschoolers with Severe Wheezing Episodes Diagnosed at the Emergency Department (AZ-SWED): A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Precision-Medicine Trial. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2025; 211:a7991.

Deschildre, A; Alvaro-Lozano, M; Muraro, A; Podesta, M; de Silva, D; Giovannini, M; Barni, S; Dribin, TE; Sandoval-Ruballos, M; Anagnostou, A; Pouessel, G; Dunn, T; Cardona, V; Zuberbier, T. Towards a common approach for managing food allergy and serious allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) at school. GA2LEN and EFA consensus statement. Clinical and Translational Allergy. 2025; 15:e70013.

Dress, C; Vaughn, LM; Prideaux, J; Schuler, CL; Borschuk, A; Pajor, NM. Opportunities to Improve Care Processes for Ventilator-Dependent Children: A Single-Center Study. Hospital Pediatrics. 2025; 15:108-116.

Dribin, TE; Muraro, A; Camargo, CA; Turner, PJ; Wang, J; Roberts, G; Anagnostou, A; Halken, S; Liebermann, J; Worm, M; Zuberbier, T; Sampson, HA. Anaphylaxis definition, overview, and clinical support tool: 2024 consensus report-a GA2LEN project. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2025; 156:406-417.e6.

Dribin, TE; Sampson, HA; Zhang, Y; Boyd, S; Zhang, N; Michelson, KA; Neuman, MI; Brousseau, DC; Mistry, RD; Freedman, SB; Wyst, CV; Walsh, PS; Wolnerman, Y; Schnadower, D. Timing of repeat epinephrine to inform paediatric anaphylaxis observation periods: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health. 2025; 9:484-496.

Florin, TA; Tancredi, DJ; Ambroggio, L; Babl, FE; Dalziel, SR; Eckerle, M; Mintegi, S; Neuman, MI; Plint, AC; Simon, NJ; Kuppermann, N. Predicting paediatric pneumonia severity in the emergency department: a multinational prospective cohort study of the Pediatric Emergency Research Network. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health. 2025; 9:383-392.

Garcia, T; Florin, TA; Leonard, J; Shah, SS; Ruddy, RM; Wallihan, R; Desai, AP; Alter, S; El-Assal, O; Marzec, S; Mejias, A; Cohen, DM; Ramilo, O; Ambroggio, L. Clinical Features and Management Strategies in Children With Mycoplasma Pneumoniae. Pediatric Emergency Care. 2025; 41:305-310.

Ghatamaneni, S; Hruska, C; Shin, I; Bruinsma, T; Scott, N; Lee, J; Fang, P; Min, HK; Moloney, CM; Wood, AC; Petersen, RC; Dickson, DW; Murray, ME; Lowe, VJ. High resolution autoradiography of [18F]MK-6240 and [18F]Flortaucipir shows similar neurofibrillary tangle binding patterns preferentially recognizing middling neurofibrillary tangle maturity. Acta Neuropathologica. 2025; 149:26.

Gies, LM; Narad, M; Moscato, EL; Sidol, C; Makoroff, K; Schmidt, M; Rhine, T; Wade, SL. An open pilot of GROW, a responsive parenting intervention for young children with brain injuries: preliminary efficacy. Disability and Rehabilitation. 2025; 47:3070-3077.

Haasz, M; Doh, KF; Hanson, HR; Pomerantz, WJ; Agrawal, N; Beckworth, K; Chaudhary, S; Clukies, L; Fleegler, EW; Formica, MK; McKay, S; McFadden, T; Monroe, K; Lee, LK. Pediatric firearm injuries and socioeconomic vulnerability before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2025; 88:84-90.

Hall, AD; Kumar, JE; Mazur, JP; Bondoc, AJ; Giffin, BF; Bryant, WK. Dr. Allen Oldfather Whipple (1881-1963): Namesake of the pancreaticoduodenectomy. Journal of Medical Biography. 2025; 33:66-76.

Hartwell, V; Riney, L; Cheetham, A; Pomerantz, WJ; Lee, SH; Bensman, R; Schwartz, H; Zhang, Y; Babcock, L. Emergency Medical Services and Police Utilization for Pediatric Mental and Behavioral Health Concerns Within a Large Hospital System. Pediatric Emergency Care. 2025; 41:104-108.

Heckle, T; Kerrey, BT; Zhang, Y; Dean, P. Interventions to Reduce Risk in the Physiologically Difficult Pediatric Airway: A Descriptive Study and Exploratory Analysis. Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open. 2025; 6:100052.

Hegde, S; Ninan, MM; Dillman, JR; Hayatghaibi, S; Babcock, L; Somasundaram, E. Can Modern NLP Systems Reliably Annotate Chest Radiography Exams? A Pre-Purchase Evaluation and Comparative Study of Solutions from AWS, Google, Azure, John Snow Labs, and Open-Source Models on an Independent Pediatric Dataset. 2025; abs/2505.23030.

Kakara Anderson, HL; West, DC; Turner, DA; Schwartz, A; Schumacher, DJ. EPA SUPERVISION SCALE RATINGS AND EXPERIENCES OF INEQUITY BY RACE/ETHNICITY, GENDER, AND SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS: FINDINGS FROM THE CROSSWALK STUDY. Academic Pediatrics. 2025; 25:102725.

Keenan, M; Alabi, P; Alsakha, A; Marraffa, J; Wojcik, S; Burke, S. Does the time between doses in an unintentional double dose bupropion exposure affect the incidence of adverse effects? A retrospective cohort study. Clinical Toxicology. 2025; 63:127-132.

Kelleher, M; Schumacher, DJ; Zhou, C; Kwakye, D; Santen, SA; Warm, E; Kinnear, B. Public Board Score Reporting Undermines Holistic Review for Residency Selection. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2025; 40:17-21.

Kerolle, S; Browne, LR; Brazauskas, R; Adelgais, KM; Chadha, K; Chang, TP; Harris, MI; Brooke Lerner, E; Leonard, JC; Lowe, GS; Magill, CF; Nishijima, DK; Shah, MI; Schwartz, HP; Chumpitazi, CE. Racial and Ethnic Differences in ED Analgesia Among Injured Children Transported Via EMS. Pediatric Emergency Care. 2025; 41:606-611.

Ketabchi, B; Babcock, L; Zhang, Y; Barzman, D; Pomerantz, WJ; Bensman, R; Cheetham, A; Hartwell, V; Crank, K; Lee, S; Riney, L; Schwartz, H. Predicting Agitation in the Emergency Department. Pediatrics. 2025; 156:e2024068727.

Lutz, NM; Greiner, MV; Vaughn, L; Schondelmeyer, A; Freehling, E; Fox, K; Beal, SJ. Automated information sharing in foster care: perspectives on impact and expansion. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2025; 13:1543076.

Mahajan, P; White, E; Shaw, K; Parker, SJ; Chamberlain, J; Ruddy, RM; Alpern, ER; Corboy, J; Krack, A; Ku, B; Carney, M; Klekowski, N; O'Connell, KJ; Singh, H. Epidemiology of diagnostic errors in pediatric emergency departments using electronic triggers. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2025; 32:226-245.

Menk, PT; Mahabee-Gittens, EM; Ruest, S; Hanson, HR; Formica, M; Agarwal, M; Zonfrillo, MR; Curtis, E; Pomerantz, WJ. Pediatric Dog Bite Injury Trends During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Pediatric Emergency Care. 2025; 41:509-513.

Miller, M; Vaughn, LM; Benashley, L; Bones, B; Buonfiglio, S; Lee-Gatewood, G; Paxson, A; Sarnacki, R; Walker, R; Whitesinger, D; Beaton, A; de Loizaga, S. Engaging American Indian Tribal Members Using Group-Level Assessment to Identify Needs and Priorities of a Local Heart Disease Program to Improve Cardiac Care. Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease. 2025; 14:e036624.

Nuñez-Borque, E; Dribin, TE; Rodriguez Del Rio, P; Camargo, CA; Esteban, V; du Toit, G; Jiménez-Saiz, R; Giovannini, M. Anaphylaxis: Spotlight on Inflammation. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 2025; 55:8-10.

Petkovska, E; Hariharan, S. Pneumonia and Croup. Clinical Considerations in School-based Health. : Springer Nature; Springer Nature; 2025.

Prideaux, J; Vaughn, LM; Chuisano, SA; Thrower, D; DeJonckheere, M. “Being Open About Struggle”: Youth Practices and Perspectives on Resilience. Youth and Society. 2025; 57:3-29.

Ramgopal, S; Rosenman, M; Zhang, L; Cotter, JM; Sartori, LF; Lipshaw, MJ; Banks, AR; Schroeder, AR; Lales, G; Alexander, KA; Michelson, KA; Florin, TA. Alternative Antibiotic Selections During the 2022 Amoxicillin Shortage in the United States. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society. 2025; 14:piae122.

Reichert, MM; Rheaume, EM; Skoch, JM; Daugherty, MC; Beiting, SE; Bailey, AL; Brown, RL; Johnson, LH; Falcone, RA; Kotagal, M. Improving Cervical Spine Clearance Documentation in the Pediatric Trauma Patient: A Quality Improvement Project. Journal of trauma nursing : the official journal of the Society of Trauma Nurses. 2025; 32:108-113.

Ristagno, G; Semeraro, F; Raffay, V; Stirparo, G; Lulic, I; Deakin, CD; Drennan, IR; Del Castillo, J; Acworth, J; Morley, PT; Couto, TB; Nadkarni, V; Dianne Atkins, YK G O; de Caen, A. Pad size, orientation, and placement for defibrillation during basic life support: A systematic review. Resuscitation Plus. 2025; 25:101030.

Ruest, SM; Hanson, HR; Kiragu, A; Lee, LK; Zonfrillo, MR; Pomerantz, WJ. The Impact of COVID-19 on Patterns of Fractures Presenting to Pediatric Emergency Departments. Pediatric Emergency Care. 2025; 41:17-23.

Rutland, E; Bugaighis, M; Cruz, A; Goyal, M; Mistry, R; Reed, J; Santelli, J; Dayan, P; Chernick, L. Facilitators to Implementing Preventive Health Interventions for Adolescents in the Emergency Department: A Multicenter Qualitative Analysis. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2025; 76:s72.

Rutland, E; Bugaighis, M; Cruz, AT; Goyal, MK; Mistry, RD; Reed, JL; Santelli, JS; Dayan, PS; Chernick, LS. Facilitators to implementing preventive health interventions for adolescents in the emergency department: A multicenter qualitative analysis. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2025; 32:434-443.

Sayegh, R; Tang, L; Yun, KW; Xu, Z; Marzec, SA; El-Assal, O; Leber, AL; Everhart, K; Mertz, S; Desai, A; Ruddy, RM; Wallihan, R; Mejias, A; Ramilo, O. Nasal Mucosal Cytokines as Potential Biomarkers for Assessing Disease Severity and Class of Pathogen in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2025; 231:1031-1040.

Schmidt, SK; Dexheimer, JW; Zorc, JJ; Palmer, CA; Casper, TC; Stukus, KS; Pickett, ML; Mollen, CJ; Elsholz, CL; Cruz, AT; Augustine, EM; Goyal, MK; Reed, JL. Multisite Implementation of a Sexual Health Survey and Clinical Decision Support to Promote Adolescent Sexually Transmitted Infection Screening. Applied Clinical Informatics - ACI. 2025; 16:283-294.

Schumacher, D; Schwartz, A; Dwyer, A; Poitevien, P; Turner, D. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENERAL PEDIATRICS EPA LEVELS OF SUPERVISION AT GRADUATION FROM RESIDENCY AND INITIAL CERTIFICATION EXAMINATION SCORES. Academic Pediatrics. 2025; 25:102688.

Schumacher, D; Turner, D; Kinnear, B; Winn, A; Michelson, C; Schwartz, A. MORE GRADUATING RESIDENTS FROM SMALL PROGRAMS ARE READY FOR UNSUPERVISED PRACTICE FOR THE 17 ABP GENERAL PEDIATRICS EPAS WHEN COMPARED TO MEDIUM AND LARGE PROGRAMS. Academic Pediatrics. 2025; 25:102685.

Schumacher, D; Turner, D; Kinnear, B; Winn, A; Michelson, C; Schwartz, A. READINESS FOR UNSUPERVISED PRACTICE FOR THE 17 ABP GENERAL PEDIATRICS EPAS: ARE GRADUATING RESIDENTS READY TO PROVIDE THE CARE PATIENTS NEED?. Academic Pediatrics. 2025; 25:102676.

Schumacher, DJ; Hearn, J; Kakara Anderson, HL. Patient safety or prejudice? Challenging disability discrimination in medical training. Medical Education. 2025; 59:781-783.

Schumacher, DJ; Kinnear, B. We Need Historic Investment in Fellowship Redesign to Achieve Workforce Goals. Pediatrics. 2025; 155:e2024070021.

Schumacher, DJ; Kinnear, B; Poitevien, P; Daulton, R; Winn, AS. Advancing, Graduating, and Attesting Readiness of Pediatrics Residents With Concerns. Pediatrics. 2025; 155:e2025070594.

Schumacher, DJ; Martini, A; Michelson, C; Turner, DA; Winn, AS; Kinnear, B. A realist evaluation of prospective entrustment decisions in paediatric residency clinical competency committees. Medical Education. 2025; 59:292-301.

Schumacher, DJ; Michelson, C; Winn, A; Henry, D; O’Connor, M; Li, ST T; Blair, RJ; Velazquez-Campbell, M; Kihlstrom, MJ; Borman-Shoap, E; Alba-Sandoval, M; Burrows, HL; Stewart, DA; Scheurer, JM. Graduating Residents' Readiness for Unsupervised Practice. Pediatrics. 2025; 155:e2024070307.

Schumacher, DJ; Winn, AS; Hemond, J; O'Dea, CL; Garcia, KL; Burke, AE; Naifeh, MM; Zurawick, J; Kinnear, B; Michelson, C; Turner, DA; Martini, A; Schwartz, A. Associations Between Residency Program Size and Readiness for Unsupervised Practice in Pediatrics. Academic Pediatrics. 2025; 25:102806.

Shaw, JJ; Chang, CD. Emergency department management of patients with thyroid emergencies. Emergency medicine practice. 2025; 27:1-24.

Shenoi, RP; Crowe, JE; Dorfman, SR; Bergmann, KR; Mistry, RD; Hariharan, S; Tavarez, MM; Wai, S; Jones, JL; Langhan, ML; Khanna, K; Louie, J; Sheridan, D; Camp, EA. Factors Associated with Pediatric Drowning-Associated Lung Injury. The Journal of Pediatrics. 2025; 279:114459.

Smith, JD; Vaughn, LM; Page, E; Mitchell, T; Anixt, JS. The Value of ECHO Autism to Primary Care Providers: Building Community and Capacity. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. 2025; 46:e162-e168.

Stryker, SD; Darling, NP; Ceppi, E; Medina Rodriguez, L; Vaughn, LM; Chinchilla, K; Peralta, J; Garcia, H; Walter, M; Huaman, MA. Increasing Awareness About Tuberculosis Infection Screening in Latino Immigrants: A Community-Based Participatory Research Approach. Hispanic Health Care International. 2025; 23:181-190.

Toraman Turk, S; Stone, L; Bouvay, K; Lew, S; Juliani, K; Tobler, J; Ahrens, K; Schnadower, D. Caregiver Perspectives and Preferences Regarding Timely Access to Unscheduled Acute Care in Paediatric Urgent Care Centers: A Qualitative Evaluation of Save My Spot Tool. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2025; 81:4198-4207.

Ushpol, A; Je, S; Christoff, A; Nuthall, G; Scholefield, B; Morgan, RW; Nadkarni, V; Gangadharan, S; Abulebda, K; Atkins, D; Tan, G; Pirzadeh, A; Wratney, A; DiMaria, K. Evaluating post-cardiac arrest blood pressure thresholds associated with neurologic outcome in children: Insights from the pediRES-Q database. Resuscitation. 2025; 207:110468.

VanBuren, JM; Banks, RK; Kuppermann, N; Gerber, JS; Ruddy, RM; Casper, TC; Florin, TA. Evaluating the desirability of outcome ranking and response adjusted for duration of antibiotic risk for clinical trials of antibiotics in pediatric pneumonia. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2025; 194:1090-1096.

Varpio, L; Schumacher, DJ; Cristancho, SM. The Perils of Excessively Relying on Medicine's Tradition of Standardization. Perspectives on Medical Education. 2025; 14:383-386.

Vaughn, LM. Group Level Assessment Methodology as a Liberating Structure Within Qualitative and Participatory Research. Qualitative Health Research. 2025; 35:827-836.

Walsh, PS; Lipshaw, MJ; Wendt, WJ; Prasad, S; Baumer-Mouradian, SH. Influenza Vaccination in the Pediatric Emergency Department: A Missed Opportunity. Hospital Pediatrics. 2025; 15:466-473.

Weiss, S; Fitzgerald, J; Laskin, B; Singh, R; Artis, A; Vohra, A; Campos, A; Huang, J; Eckerle, M; Hickey, R; Kuppermann, N; Balamuth, F. 5: ASSOCIATION OF FLUID VOLUME WITH UNGAL AS A BIOMARKER OF KIDNEY INJURY IN PEDIATRIC SEPTIC SHOCK. Critical Care Medicine. 2025; 53.

Weiss, SL; Fitzgerald, JC; Laskin, BL; Singh, R; Artis, AS; Vohra, A; Tsemberis, E; Kierian, E; Lau, KC; Campos, AB; Locke, A; Baumer-Mouradian, S; Thompson, N; Radowicz, A. Time Course of Kidney Injury Biomarkers in Children With Septic Shock: Nested Cohort Study Within the Pragmatic Pediatric Trial of Balanced Versus Normal Saline Fluid in Sepsis Trial. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. 2025; 26:e816-e826.

Winn, AS; Naifeh, MM; Hilgenberg, S; Unaka, NI; Mollie Grow, H; Myers, RE; Schwartz, A; Lieberman, R; Schumacher, DJ. An Untold Story: The Feelings of Pediatric Residents Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic and What They Can Teach Us Today. Academic Pediatrics. 2025; 25:102602.

Young, ME; Dubé, T; Schumacher, DJ; Lubarsky, S; Ryan, AT; O'Brien, BC. Characterizing Research Teams. Academic Medicine. 2025; 100:402.