Who can participate?

Inclusion Criteria:

• Histologic diagnosis Patients with recurrent/progressive high-grade gliomas, as defined by progressive neurologic abnormalities or worsening neurologic status not explained by causes unrelated to tumor progression (e.g., anticonvulsant or corticosteroid wean, electrolyte disturbances, sepsis, hyperglycemia, etc.), OR a 25% increase in the bi-dimensional measurement, taking as a reference the smallest disease measurement recorded since diagnosis utilizing the MRI sequence best demonstrating tumor, OR the appearance of a new/metastatic tumor lesion since diagnosis.
  
  • Eligible diagnoses include but are not limited to the following: diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma (DMG), glioblastoma multiforme, anaplastic astrocytoma and anaplastic oligodendroglioma. Spinal cord tumors are eligible with pathologic confirmation of the above.
  • Please note: patients with a radiographically typical DIPG at diagnosis, defined as a tumor with a pontine epicenter and diffuse involvement of more than 2/3 of the pons, are eligible without histologic confirmation.
  • Patients with pontine lesions that do not meet these radiographic criteria will be eligible if there is histologic confirmation of pontine glioma WHO II-IV.
  • Patients with diffuse or multi-focal disease are eligible; patients with leptomeningeal spread are eligible.
• Age Patient must be ≥ 3 but ≤21 years of age at the time of enrollment.
• BSA Patients must have a BSA ≥ 0.70-2.50 m2 for dose 120 mg/m2/dose BID. Patients must have a BSA ≥ 0.55-2.80 m2 for dose 80 mg/m2/dose BID (Patients who have BSA 0.55-1.00 m2 will only receive 100 mg AM dose).
• Ability to Swallow Patient must be able to swallow tablets whole.
• Measurable disease Patient must have measurable disease in two dimensions on MRI to be eligible.
• Prior Therapy Patients must have recovered from the acute treatment-related toxicities (defined as < grade 1) of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to enrollment on this study.

Chemotherapy Patients must have received their last dose of known myelosuppressive anticancer therapy at least 21 days prior to enrollment or at least 42 days if nitrosourea.

• Investigational/ Biologic Agent
  
  • Biologic or investigational agent (anti-neoplastic): Patient must have recovered from any acute toxicity potentially related to the agent and received their last dose of the investigational or biologic agent ≥ 7 days prior to study enrollment.
    
    • For agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur.
  • Monoclonal antibody treatment and agents with known prolonged half-lives: Patient must have recovered from any acute toxicity potentially related to the agent and received their last dose of the agent ≥ 28 days prior to study enrollment.
  • Immunotherapies: Patients who have received checkpoint inhibitors or other immunotherapies with a known potential for pseudoprogression and who have assumed tumor progression must be at least 3 months from prior immunotherapy AND have at least two MRI scans at least 4 weeks apart demonstrating further progression OR have a biopsy to confirm tumor progression OR have new site(s) of disease.

Radiation

Patients must have had their last fraction of:

• Craniospinal irradiation, whole brain radiation, total body irradiation or radiation to ≥ 50% of pelvis or spine ≥ 42 days prior to enrollment.
• Focal irradiation ≥ 14 days prior to enrollment.
• Local palliative irradiation to site other than primary tumor progression site ≥ 14 days prior to enrollment

Stem Cell Transplant

Patient must be:

• ≥ 6 months since allogeneic stem cell transplant prior to enrollment with no evidence of active graft vs. host disease
• ≥ 3 months since autologous stem cell transplant prior to enrollment

Neurologic Status

• Patients with neurological deficits should have deficits that are stable for a minimum of 7 days prior to enrollment.
• Patients with seizure disorders may be enrolled if seizures are well controlled.
  
  • Performance Status Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS for > 16 years of age) or Lansky Performance Score (LPS for ≤ 16 years of age) assessed within two weeks of enrollment must be ≥ 50.
  • Organ Function

Patients must have adequate organ and marrow function as defined below:

• Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1.0 x 109 cells/ L
• Platelets >100 x 109 cells/ L (unsupported, defined as no platelet transfusion within 7 days)
• Hemoglobin ≥ 8g/dl (may receive transfusions)
• Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 times institutional upper limit of normal (ULN)
• ALT (SGPT) and AST (SGOT) < 3 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN)
• Albumin ≥ 2 g/dL
• Serum creatinine based on age/gender as noted in institutional normal range. Patients that are not within institutional normal range but have a 24-hour Creatinine Clearance or GFR (radioisotope or iothalamate) ≥ 70 mL/min/1.73 m2 are eligible.
  
  • Corticosteroids Patients who are receiving dexamethasone must be on a stable or decreasing dose for at least 7 days prior to enrollment.
  • Growth Factors Patients must be off all colony-forming growth factor(s) for at least 7 days prior to enrollment (e.g. filgrastim, sargramostim or erythropoietin). 14 days must have elapsed if patient received a long-acting formulation.
  • Pregnancy Prevention Patients of childbearing or child fathering potential must be willing to use a medically acceptable form of birth control, which includes abstinence, while being treated on this study.
  • Informed Consent The patient or parent/guardian is able to understand the consent and is willing to sign a written informed consent document according to institutional guidelines.
  • HIV Positive Patients

HIV-positive patients are eligible if the following criteria are met:

• Stable on their antiretroviral agents
• Have CD4 counts above 400/mm3
• Undetectable viral loads, and
• No need for prophylactic medications for an opportunistic infections 

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnancy or Breast-feeding Pregnant women or nursing mothers are excluded from this study. Female patients of childbearing potential must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test within 72 hours prior to receiving the first dose of study medication. If the urine test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy test will be required.
  
  • Pregnant or breast-feeding women are excluded from this study due to risks of fetal and teratogenic adverse events as seen in animal studies.
• Concurrent Illness
  
  • Patients with any clinically significant unrelated systemic illness (e.g., serious infections or significant cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic or other organ dysfunction), that in the opinion of the investigator would compromise the patient's ability to tolerate protocol therapy, put them at additional risk for toxicity or would interfere with the study procedures or results.
  • Patients with any other current malignancy.
• Concomitant Medications
  
  • Patients who are receiving any other anti-cancer, investigational or alternative (e.g. cannabinoids) drug therapy are ineligible.
• Prisoners will be excluded from this study.
• Inability to participate Patients who in the opinion of the investigator are unwilling or unable to return for required follow-up visits or obtain follow-up studies required to assess toxicity to therapy or to adhere to drug administration plan, other study procedures and study restrictions.
• Allergy Patients with a history of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition.
• Thrombosis Risk
  
  • Patients with a known coagulopathy or bleeding disorder (e.g., von Willebrands disease) are not eligible.
  • Patients with a history of non-central line related thrombosis or disorders that promote clotting (e.g., anti-thrombin III deficiency, Lupus anticoagulant) are not eligible.
  • Significant family history of thrombosis (i.e. deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolus) in a first-degree relatives (i.e., parents or siblings) are not eligible.