What are the signs and symptoms of PHACE syndrome?

Hemangiomas may be small or not visible at birth. They grow quickly and can be seen during the first days to weeks of life. In children with PHACE syndrome, hemangiomas usually cover a large area of the face, head or neck. They can appear as one lesion or a patch of multiple lesions. Other problems may be visible at birth such as breastbone deformity. Rarely children with large hemangiomas of arm and / or upper trunk may also have PHACE syndrome.

Signs and symptoms vary. Severity of symptoms and complications also varies.

How is PHACE syndrome diagnosed?

If a hemangioma looks suspicious for PHACE syndrome, additional testing is needed. These tests may include:

• Ultrasound
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Magnetic resonance angiography of the brain (MRA)
• Echocardiogram (echo) or electrocardiogram (EKG) of the heart
• Eye exam by an ophthalmologist (eye doctor)
• Hearing test

Other tests may be needed.

What are the possible complications of PHACE syndrome?

As it grows, the hemangioma can lead to skin breakdown (ulcerations), change facial features and / or cause issues with breathing, eyesight, or hearing.

Other complications depend on what structures other than the skin are involved. For example, developmental delay, seizures, headaches, and / or abnormal muscle tone could occur if the brain is involved.

Does my child need treatment for PHACE syndrome?

Usually the hemangioma(s) in PHACE syndrome require medication by mouth or on the skin. These medications are used to stop hemangioma growth. They also treat and / or prevent complications. Surgical treatments could also be needed.

What is the management of PHACE syndrome?

PHACE syndrome needs evaluation and treatment by a team of experts. Routine follow up is important.