Limb Deformity and Leg Length Difference
Limb deformity and leg length inequality problems include many different conditions.
These conditions affect the appearance or function of an arm or a leg.
Causes of Limb Deformity and Difference
Limb deformity or leg length difference can be present from birth (congenital) or acquired (a result of an injury, infection or tumor). Some of the conditions that can cause limb problems in a child or young adult include:
- Congenital conditions present from birth
- Bow legs
- Knock knees
- Arthritis
- Infections of the bones
- Tumors
- Injuries involving the growth center of the bone
There may also be deformities that are a result of soft tissues and not bones, such as with arthrogryposis and burns.
Signs and Symptoms of Difference
The symptoms of limb deformity can range from a mild difference in how a leg or arm looks to major loss of use of an arm or leg.
For instance, you may notice that your child has a significant limp. If there is deformity in the limb, the patient may develop arthritis as they get older, especially if the legs are involved. Patients often seek medical attention when one limb looks different than the other.
Treatment for Leg Length Difference
Treatment depends on what limb has the deformity and the amount of deformity present. For example, there may be loss of function of the leg or arm. Cosmetic issues may also be a concern for the patient and their family.
If there are problems with the arms, the goal is to improve the appearance and function of the arm. Treatment of leg problems try to correct the deformity that may cause arthritis as the child gets older. If the problem is leg length, where the legs are not "equal," the goal is to make the legs the same length.
Non-surgical
There are some limb deformities and length differences that are expected to improve on their own. These can simply be watched with the child’s growth and may not need treatment at all. Treatment may include the use of adaptive devices, prosthesis, orthotics or shoe lifts. If the problem is more severe and not treatable with these methods, then surgery may be necessary.
Surgical
The type of surgery depends on the type of problem. Outpatient procedures may be used to alter the growth of the limb. This is often done through small incisions. If an outpatient procedure is done, your child can continue with most regular activities.
Other times, surgery may be very involved and require the use of an external device that is attached to the limb with pins and wires. This device may be left on for months to correct the deformity or lengthen the leg. If this type of surgery is required, your child will have weekly visits with a specialist.
When to Call Your Child's Doctor:
If your child has a significant deformity or length inequality, call the Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction Center at Cincinnati Children's for a consultation.
It is best to have a doctor see your child early, before the problem has a chance to progress. If evaluated late, the problem becomes harder to treat, often making it difficult to correct the deformity or leg length.
